沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組具有啟停迅速、運(yùn)行靈活、運(yùn)行效率高和清潔環(huán)保等技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，是我國電力能源生產(chǎn)的重要組成部分。重型發(fā)電用沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組技術(shù)先進(jìn)，設(shè)備更新迭代比較快，隨著國家重大專項(xiàng)研究的實(shí)施，已逐步形成完善的燃機(jī)自主研發(fā)和設(shè)計(jì)體系，燃機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程迅速。為了加快集團(tuán)公司燃?xì)獍l(fā)電事業(yè)發(fā)展，提高燃機(jī)管理水平，亟需結(jié)合集團(tuán)燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目發(fā)展實(shí)際，制定一部燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目機(jī)組選型和技術(shù)路線選擇的管理文件。

　　Biogas generator sets have technological advantages such as rapid start stop, flexible operation, high operating efficiency, and clean environmental protection, and are an important component of China's power energy production. The biogas generator set for heavy-duty power generation has advanced technology and rapid equipment updates and iterations. With the implementation of major national special research projects, a complete independent research and design system for gas turbines has gradually been formed, and the localization process of key technologies for gas turbines is rapidly advancing. In order to accelerate the development of the gas power generation business of the group company and improve the management level of gas turbines, it is urgent to develop a management document for the selection of gas power generation project units and technical routes based on the actual development of the group's gas power generation projects.

　　一、總則

　　I. General Provisions

　　1.燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目機(jī)組選型和技術(shù)路線選擇應(yīng)遵循以下主要原則。

　　The selection of units and technical routes for gas-fired power generation projects should follow the following main principles.

　　1.1符合政策原則。符合國家、行業(yè)強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，符合相關(guān)規(guī)范,符合國家或地方的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。

　　1.1 Compliance with policy principles. Comply with mandatory national and industry standards, relevant regulations, and national or local industrial policies.

　　1.2提高效率原則。燃機(jī)技術(shù)指標(biāo)先進(jìn)，在安全可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的前提下，著力提高機(jī)組運(yùn)行效率。

　　1.2 Principle of improving efficiency. The technical indicators of the gas turbine are advanced, and efforts are made to improve the operating efficiency of the unit on the premise of safety, reliability, economy, and environmental protection.

　　1.3重點(diǎn)突出原則。突出反映節(jié)能減排、保護(hù)環(huán)境，建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型燃機(jī)電廠，體現(xiàn)最新科技成果。

　　1.3 Emphasis on key principles. Highlight energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, and the construction of resource-saving and environmentally friendly gas turbine power plants, reflecting the latest technological achievements.

　　1.4效益優(yōu)先原則。簡化系統(tǒng)和流程，減少系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備裕度，合理控制建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，突出提高投資收益的目的。

　　1.4 Principle of prioritizing benefits. Simplify systems and processes, reduce system and equipment margins, reasonably control construction standards, and highlight the goal of improving investment returns.

　　1.5國產(chǎn)化原則。降低燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)成本，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量。在滿足安全經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下，優(yōu)先選擇國產(chǎn)化率較高的沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組。

　　1.5 Localization principle. Reduce the construction cost of gas-fired power generation projects and improve service quality. Priority should be given to selecting biogas generators with a higher domestication rate, while ensuring safety and economic conditions.

　　1.6注重特色原則。積極推廣應(yīng)用新技術(shù)，大力支持技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和智慧電廠建設(shè)，建設(shè)高質(zhì)量具有大唐特色的燃機(jī)電廠。

　　1.6 Emphasize the principle of distinctive features. Actively promote the application of new technologies, vigorously support technological innovation and the construction of smart power plants, and build high-quality gas turbine power plants with Datang characteristics.

　　2.燃機(jī)項(xiàng)目機(jī)組選型應(yīng)符合《燃?xì)?蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)電廠設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定》（DL/T5174）等國家和行業(yè)的有關(guān)規(guī)定和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等相關(guān)文件要求。

　　2. The selection of gas turbine project units should comply with relevant national and industry regulations and standards such as the "Design Regulations for Gas Steam Combined Cycle Power Plants" (DL/T5174).

　　二、通則

　　2、 General rules

　　1.燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)一般由省級能源主管部門或地方政府進(jìn)行核準(zhǔn)，機(jī)組選型應(yīng)結(jié)合地方熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)等相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，了解地方天然氣發(fā)電電價(jià)補(bǔ)償和其他鼓勵措施，根據(jù)地方能源需求和發(fā)展趨勢對燃機(jī)機(jī)型、容量和類型進(jìn)行合理選擇。

　　1. The construction of gas-fired power generation projects is generally approved by the provincial energy regulatory department or local government. The selection of units should be based on local industrial policies such as cogeneration, understanding of local natural gas power generation electricity price compensation and other incentive measures, and making reasonable choices of gas turbine models, capacities, and types according to local energy demand and development trends.

　　2.所有的燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目選型和技術(shù)路線選擇都要認(rèn)真開展主輔機(jī)設(shè)備的調(diào)研工作，充分參考國內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的燃機(jī)建設(shè)案例，把系統(tǒng)擬定和設(shè)備選型優(yōu)化貫穿于工程建設(shè)的全過程、全方位，把集團(tuán)公司提高效率、降低造價(jià)的各項(xiàng)措施落實(shí)在機(jī)組選型和技術(shù)路線過程中。

　　2. All gas power generation project selection and technical route selection should carefully conduct research on main and auxiliary equipment, fully refer to advanced gas turbine construction cases at home and abroad, integrate system formulation and equipment selection optimization throughout the entire process and all aspects of engineering construction, and implement various measures of the group company to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the process of unit selection and technical route.

　　3.燃機(jī)設(shè)備選型應(yīng)考察其技術(shù)的先進(jìn)性、產(chǎn)品的成熟性和穩(wěn)定性，同時兼顧蒸汽系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的合理匹配，力求組成燃?xì)?蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性達(dá)到最優(yōu)，運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本最低。

　　3. For the selection of gas turbine equipment, the progressiveness of its technology, the maturity and stability of its products shall be investigated, and the reasonable matching of steam system equipment shall be taken into consideration, so as to achieve the best economy and the lowest operation and maintenance cost of the gas steam combined cycle.

　　4.燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目技術(shù)路線和設(shè)備選型選擇應(yīng)考慮工廠建設(shè)、運(yùn)行維護(hù)全生命周期管理，采用先進(jìn)的工程管理方法，提高電廠智能化水平，提高管理效率。

　　4. The selection of technical routes and equipment for gas-fired power generation projects should consider the full lifecycle management of factory construction, operation and maintenance, adopt advanced engineering management methods, improve the intelligence level of power plants, and enhance management efficiency.

　　5.燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目輔機(jī)設(shè)備選型應(yīng)充分考慮與燃機(jī)設(shè)備的匹配性，根據(jù)電熱負(fù)荷實(shí)際綜合測算結(jié)果，確定輔機(jī)設(shè)備的形式和系統(tǒng)組成，確保整體的安全經(jīng)濟(jì)性達(dá)到最優(yōu)。

　　5. The selection of auxiliary equipment for gas power generation projects should fully consider the compatibility with gas turbine equipment. Based on the actual comprehensive calculation results of electric and thermal loads, the form and system composition of the auxiliary equipment should be determined to ensure the optimal overall safety and economy.

　　6.優(yōu)先選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo)先進(jìn)的燃機(jī)，綜合考慮調(diào)峰、供熱能力和其他因素后進(jìn)行評估，合理選擇H級、F級或其他級別的燃機(jī)設(shè)備。

　　6. Prioritize the selection of gas turbines with advanced economic and technological indicators, evaluate them comprehensively based on peak shaving, heating capacity, and other factors, and reasonably choose H-class, F-class, or other levels of gas turbine equipment.

　　7.機(jī)組滿足調(diào)峰要求以及熱負(fù)荷需求前提下，根據(jù)國家相關(guān)政策因地制宜選擇機(jī)組容量，并根據(jù)區(qū)域熱負(fù)荷發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況和相關(guān)規(guī)劃等考慮熱電負(fù)荷裕量。

　　7. Under the premise that the unit meets the requirements of peak shaving and heat load demand, the unit capacity shall be selected according to relevant national policies, and the thermal power load margin shall be considered based on the actual situation of regional heat load development and relevant planning.

　　8.燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)需充分考慮燃機(jī)設(shè)備運(yùn)行維護(hù)的后期投入和相關(guān)技術(shù)改進(jìn)等問題，降低備品備件的采購費(fèi)用，提高技術(shù)服務(wù)質(zhì)量。

　　8. The construction of gas-fired power generation projects should fully consider the later investment in the operation and maintenance of gas turbine equipment and related technical improvements, reduce the procurement cost of spare parts, and improve the quality of technical services.

　　9.對于按電網(wǎng)要求配套黑啟動功能的燃機(jī)項(xiàng)目，應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)安裝足夠容量的柴油發(fā)電機(jī)、儲能蓄電池等設(shè)備，保證機(jī)組能夠在特殊情況下正常啟動。

　　For gas turbine projects that are equipped with black start function according to the requirements of the power grid, sufficient capacity diesel generators, energy storage batteries and other equipment should be designed and installed to ensure that the unit can start normally under special circumstances.

　　三、技術(shù)路線選擇

　　3、 Technical route selection

　　燃?xì)獍l(fā)電具有清潔環(huán)保、占地面積緊湊等優(yōu)勢，多建設(shè)在城市近郊，在滿足電負(fù)荷的需求的同時滿足對周邊居民采暖和工業(yè)區(qū)的供熱需求。沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組按供能種類分為熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組、調(diào)峰機(jī)組和分布式機(jī)組等類型。

　　Gas power generation has the advantages of being clean and environmentally friendly, and occupying a compact area. It is mostly built in the suburbs of cities to meet the heating needs of surrounding residents and industrial areas while meeting the demand for electricity load. Biogas power generation units are divided into types such as cogeneration units, peak shaving units, and distributed units according to the type of energy supply.

　　1.熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組

　　1. Cogeneration unit

　　1.1燃?xì)鉄犭娐?lián)產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)符合《熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)管理辦法》（發(fā)改能源〔2016〕617號）文件的各項(xiàng)要求。

　　1.1 Gas cogeneration projects should comply with the requirements of the "Management Measures for Cogeneration of Heat and Power" (NDRC Energy [2016] No. 617) document.

　　1.2根據(jù)項(xiàng)目所在地域范圍電力、熱力供應(yīng)需求，選擇容量匹配的燃機(jī)。

　　1.2 Select gas turbines with matching capacity based on the electricity and heat supply demand within the project's geographical area.

　　1.3采用高效率的燃?xì)猓羝?lián)合循環(huán)機(jī)組，充分利用能源，降低供熱供電成本。

　　1.3 Adopt high-efficiency gas steam combined cycle units to fully utilize energy and reduce heating and power supply costs.

　　1.4對于供熱機(jī)組，爭取以熱定電的相關(guān)政策，根據(jù)國家相關(guān)政策因地制宜選擇機(jī)組容量。

　　1.4 For heating units, strive for relevant policies of using heat to determine electricity, and select unit capacity according to local conditions based on national policies.

　　1.5采暖和工業(yè)供熱機(jī)組宜根據(jù)熱負(fù)荷需求合理選擇背壓、抽凝或汽輪機(jī)中間級抽汽供熱方式。

　　1.5 Heating and industrial heating units should choose back pressure, extraction condensing, or intermediate stage extraction steam heating methods according to the heat load demand.

　　1.6機(jī)組選型匹配熱負(fù)荷需求，并充分考慮區(qū)域發(fā)展實(shí)際，合理估算供熱裕量，綜合考慮供熱的安全可靠。

　　1.6 Unit selection should match the heat load demand, fully consider the actual development of the region, reasonably estimate the heating margin, and comprehensively consider the safety and reliability of heating.

　　1.7采暖供熱機(jī)組應(yīng)選擇具備較高安全可靠性的燃機(jī)及配套設(shè)備，熱電比應(yīng)滿足相關(guān)政策要求。

　　1.7 Heating units should choose gas turbines and supporting equipment with high safety and reliability, and the thermoelectric ratio should meet relevant policy requirements.

　　1.8機(jī)組宜選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列產(chǎn)品，具有高可靠性及可用率，提高設(shè)備的國產(chǎn)化率，降低初投資及運(yùn)營成本。

　　1.8 Units should choose standard series products with high reliability and availability, improve the localization rate of equipment, and reduce initial investment and operating costs.

　　1.9滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)要求，優(yōu)先選擇具有低NOx排放和低噪音污染的機(jī)型。

　　1.9 Meet environmental protection requirements and prioritize selecting models with low NOx emissions and low noise pollution.

　　1.10擴(kuò)展方便，結(jié)合遠(yuǎn)期熱負(fù)荷發(fā)展，有利于分期建設(shè)。

　　1.10 Easy expansion, combined with long-term heat load development, is conducive to phased construction.

　　2.燃機(jī)調(diào)峰機(jī)組

　　2. Gas turbine peak shaving unit

　　2.1根據(jù)電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰要求合理選擇機(jī)組容量，并根據(jù)項(xiàng)目區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展考慮一定的裕量。

　　2.1 Reasonably select the unit capacity according to the peak shaving requirements of the power grid, and consider a certain margin based on the economic development of the project area.

　　2.2機(jī)組技術(shù)先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理、成熟可靠、調(diào)節(jié)靈活。

　　2.2 The unit is technologically advanced, economically reasonable, mature and reliable, and has flexible regulation.

　　2.3采用高效率的燃?xì)猓羝?lián)合循環(huán)機(jī)組，充分利用能源，降低供電成本。

　　2.3 Adopt high-efficiency gas steam combined cycle units to fully utilize energy and reduce power supply costs.

　　2.4機(jī)組具備快速啟停的能力，優(yōu)先選擇升降負(fù)荷率較高的機(jī)組設(shè)備。

　　2.4 The unit has the ability to quickly start and stop, and priority should be given to selecting equipment with higher load lifting rates.

　　2.5機(jī)組具備平緩的負(fù)荷效率性能曲線，在調(diào)峰負(fù)荷范圍內(nèi)具有較高的運(yùn)行效率。

　　The 2.5 unit has a smooth load efficiency performance curve and high operating efficiency within the peak load range.

　　2.6機(jī)組選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列產(chǎn)品，具有高可靠性及可用率，提高設(shè)備的國產(chǎn)化率，降低初投資及運(yùn)營成本。

　　2.6 Select standard series products for the unit, which have high reliability and availability, improve the localization rate of equipment, and reduce initial investment and operating costs.

　　2.7滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)要求，優(yōu)先選擇具有低NOx排放和低噪音污染的機(jī)型。

　　2.7 Meet environmental protection requirements and prioritize selecting models with low NOx emissions and low noise pollution.

　　3.分布式燃?xì)怆娬?/p>

　　3. Distributed gas power station

　　3.1主機(jī)容量的選擇應(yīng)依據(jù)“以熱（冷）定電，熱（冷）電平衡的原則”，根據(jù)分布式能源站所在區(qū)域的熱（冷）負(fù)荷的特性和大小合理確定。

　　3.1 The selection of host capacity should be based on the principle of "determining electricity based on heat (cold) and balancing heat (cold) electricity", and reasonably determined according to the characteristics and size of the heat (cold) load in the area where the distributed energy station is located.

　　3.2應(yīng)綜合考慮供熱（冷）安全可靠，機(jī)組調(diào)節(jié)靈活，技術(shù)上經(jīng)濟(jì)上先進(jìn)合理。

　　3.2 Heating (cooling) safety and reliability, flexible unit adjustment, and advanced and reasonable technology and economy should be comprehensively considered.

　　3.3根據(jù)分布式電站的電、熱（冷）容量合理選擇中、小、微型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)或內(nèi)燃機(jī)。

　　3.3 Reasonably select medium, small, and micro gas turbines or internal combustion engines based on the electrical and thermal (cooling) capacity of distributed power stations.

　　3.4盡可能選用效率高、起動快的機(jī)組，以充分利用能源，降低供熱（冷）供電價(jià)格。

　　3.4 Choose units with high efficiency and fast start-up as much as possible to fully utilize energy and reduce the price of heating (cooling) power supply.

　　3.6滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)要求，優(yōu)先選擇具有低NOx排放和低噪音污染的機(jī)型，具有較好的技術(shù)、價(jià)格優(yōu)勢。

　　3.6 Meet environmental protection requirements and prioritize selecting models with low NOx emissions and low noise pollution, which have good technological and price advantages.

　　3.7合理利用綠色能源，經(jīng)濟(jì)性論證合理時，可考慮同步規(guī)劃建設(shè)光伏多能互補(bǔ)、儲能等。

　　3.7 Reasonable utilization of green energy. When the economic feasibility is reasonable, synchronous planning and construction of photovoltaic multi energy complementarity, energy storage, etc. can be considered.

　　四、燃機(jī)設(shè)備選型

　　4、 Selection of gas turbine equipment

　　（一）燃機(jī)選型注意事項(xiàng)

　　（1） Precautions for gas turbine selection

　　1.燃機(jī)選型應(yīng)滿足適用性原則，燃機(jī)設(shè)備選型應(yīng)充分參考燃機(jī)的發(fā)電容量與所需負(fù)荷的匹配，合理選擇單套機(jī)組負(fù)荷和臺數(shù)，保證帶負(fù)荷能力滿足要求，并留有后期負(fù)荷發(fā)展的裕量。

　　1. The selection of gas turbines should adhere to the principle of applicability, and the selection of gas turbine equipment should fully consider the matching between the power generation capacity of the gas turbine and the required load. The load and number of individual units should be reasonably selected to ensure that the load carrying capacity meets the requirements and leave room for future load development.

　　2.對于供熱機(jī)組，燃機(jī)設(shè)備選型應(yīng)兼顧配套汽輪機(jī)的抽汽供熱能力，保證汽輪機(jī)的抽汽或排汽能夠滿足熱用戶的需求，并對后期熱負(fù)荷發(fā)展留有足夠的裕量。

　　2. For heating units, the selection of gas turbine equipment should take into account the extraction and heating capacity of the supporting steam turbine, ensuring that the extraction or exhaust of the steam turbine can meet the needs of heat users and leave sufficient margin for the later development of heat load.

　　3.調(diào)峰用燃機(jī)機(jī)型選擇要關(guān)注燃機(jī)的啟動技術(shù)特性，如燃機(jī)的啟動時長、帶滿負(fù)荷時長，停機(jī)時長等因素。兼顧負(fù)荷變動特性，如具有較高的升、降負(fù)荷率，滿足兩個細(xì)則規(guī)定要求。

　　3. The selection of gas turbine models for peak shaving should pay attention to the starting technical characteristics of the gas turbine, such as the starting time, full load duration, shutdown time, and other factors. Taking into account the characteristics of load fluctuations, such as having a high rate of load increase and decrease, and meeting the requirements of the two detailed regulations.

　　4.在需求發(fā)電容量初步確定的情況下，應(yīng)在綜合考慮現(xiàn)場邊界條件的前提下，按燃機(jī)綜合性能梯度選擇燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組。

　　4. In the preliminary determination of the required power generation capacity, gas turbines should be selected according to the comprehensive performance gradient of the gas turbine, taking into account the on-site boundary conditions comprehensively.

　　5.在燃機(jī)選型中應(yīng)滿足燃機(jī)的電、熱的負(fù)荷適應(yīng)能力，保證燃機(jī)全負(fù)荷段、尤其是常用負(fù)荷下有較高的運(yùn)行效率。在燃機(jī)運(yùn)行的常用負(fù)荷段，燃機(jī)應(yīng)能維持低熱耗、高效率工況運(yùn)行。

　　5. In the selection of gas turbines, the adaptability of the electrical and thermal loads of the gas turbine should be met to ensure high operating efficiency in the full load range, especially under common loads. In the common load range of gas turbine operation, the gas turbine should be able to maintain low heat consumption and high efficiency operating conditions.

　　6.應(yīng)根據(jù)負(fù)荷需要選擇技術(shù)成熟的主流燃機(jī)機(jī)型，充分利用現(xiàn)有投產(chǎn)燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組的運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)和備件積累優(yōu)勢，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)交流，降低運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本。

　　6. Mainstream gas turbine models with mature technology should be selected according to load requirements, fully utilizing the operational experience and spare parts accumulation advantages of existing gas turbine units, strengthening technical exchanges, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

　　7.應(yīng)充分考慮整套燃?xì)?蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的性價(jià)比，關(guān)注機(jī)組運(yùn)行性能、投產(chǎn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、單位造價(jià)和后期維護(hù)成本。

　　7. The cost-effectiveness of the entire gas steam combined cycle system should be fully considered, focusing on the operational performance of the unit, the economic benefits after commissioning, the unit cost, and the maintenance cost in the later stage.

　　8.對于采用新技術(shù)，可能會對安全性有較大影響的沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組，因其未經(jīng)長時間的試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證和考核，應(yīng)慎重選擇。

　　8. For biogas generator sets that may have a significant impact on safety due to the adoption of new technologies, careful selection should be made as they have not undergone long-term testing and assessment.

　　9.燃機(jī)設(shè)備選型應(yīng)考慮設(shè)備國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)展情況，國產(chǎn)化率較高的機(jī)組具備設(shè)備價(jià)格、技術(shù)服務(wù)等多方面的優(yōu)勢，合理選擇國產(chǎn)化率較高的機(jī)組有利于我國燃機(jī)行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。

　　9. The selection of gas turbine equipment should consider the progress of equipment localization. Units with high localization rates have advantages in equipment prices, technical services, and other aspects. Reasonable selection of units with high localization rates is conducive to the rapid development of China's gas turbine industry.

　　10.安裝于北部地區(qū)的燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組應(yīng)根據(jù)需要配備空氣加熱裝置，防止進(jìn)氣溫度過低；南方機(jī)組選型應(yīng)考慮燃機(jī)在夏季工況的帶負(fù)荷能力，可根據(jù)需要和經(jīng)濟(jì)性論證情況選擇安裝進(jìn)氣降溫裝置。

　　10. Gas turbines installed in northern regions should be equipped with air heating devices as needed to prevent low intake temperatures; The selection of southern units should consider the load capacity of the gas turbine under summer operating conditions, and the installation of intake cooling devices can be selected according to the needs and economic feasibility.

　　11.對于熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組，為保證機(jī)組啟動的靈活性，優(yōu)先采用燃機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)分軸布置方式。

　　11. For cogeneration units, in order to ensure the flexibility of unit start-up, the arrangement of separate shafts for gas turbine and steam turbine is preferred.

　　（二）燃機(jī)機(jī)型及特點(diǎn)

　　（2） Gas turbine models and characteristics

　　在機(jī)組供能方式確定后，合理選擇燃機(jī)設(shè)備是保證電廠安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵，在燃機(jī)設(shè)備技術(shù)發(fā)展中，主要有大型重型發(fā)電用燃機(jī)和航改燃小型工業(yè)燃機(jī)形式。發(fā)電用重型燃機(jī)廠家主要有安薩爾多、GE、三菱和西門子等，各廠燃機(jī)制造技術(shù)存在一定的差異，形成了不同的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)。各個廠家燃機(jī)設(shè)備原理基本相同，但燃機(jī)的設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)組成等存在一定差異。

　　After determining the power supply mode of the unit, the reasonable selection of gas turbine equipment is the key to ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power plant. In the development of gas turbine equipment technology, there are mainly large-scale heavy-duty power generation gas turbines and small-scale industrial gas turbines converted from aviation to fuel. The main manufacturers of heavy-duty gas turbines for power generation are Ansaldo GE、 Mitsubishi and Siemens, among others, have certain differences in their gas turbine manufacturing technologies, resulting in different technical characteristics. The principles of gas turbine equipment from various manufacturers are basically the same, but there are certain differences in the equipment structure and system composition of gas turbines.

　　1.上海電氣安薩爾多燃機(jī)

　　1. Shanghai Electric Ansaldo gas turbine

　　1.1上海電氣安薩爾多常用的F級機(jī)組為AE94.3型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，性能指標(biāo)先進(jìn)，該型機(jī)組在國內(nèi)已有較多的應(yīng)用，可用于供熱和純凝工況機(jī)組選用。

　　1.1 The F-class unit commonly used by Shanghai Electric Ansaldo is the AE94.3 gas unit, which has advanced performance indicators. This type of unit has been widely used in China and can be selected for heating and pure condensing conditions.

　　1.2 上海電氣安薩爾多H級機(jī)組為GT36-S5型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，采用原阿爾斯通燃機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案，性能指標(biāo)先進(jìn)。

　　1.2 The Ansaldo H-class unit of Shanghai Electric is a GT36-S5 gas turbine unit, which adopts the original Alstom gas turbine design scheme and has advanced performance indicators.

　　1.3 安薩爾多燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組可適用同軸、分軸布置形式，汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)由上海電氣統(tǒng)一配套。

　　1.3 Ansaldo gas turbine units can be arranged in coaxial or split axis configurations, and the steam turbine and generator are uniformly matched by Shanghai Electric.

　　1.4 安薩爾多燃機(jī)指標(biāo)較為先進(jìn)，上海電氣承擔(dān)部套維修工作，在燃機(jī)技術(shù)服務(wù)方面相對完善，備品備件供應(yīng)可靠。

　　1.4 Ansaldo gas turbine has relatively advanced indicators, and Shanghai Electric undertakes component maintenance work, providing relatively complete technical services for gas turbines and reliable supply of spare parts.

　　1.5 上海電氣的安薩爾多燃機(jī)設(shè)備國產(chǎn)化率最高，已逐步開展燃機(jī)核心部件的生產(chǎn)制造業(yè)務(wù)。

　　Shanghai Electric's Ansaldo gas turbine equipment has the highest localization rate and has gradually started the production and manufacturing of core components for gas turbines.

　　2.哈電集團(tuán)、南汽GE機(jī)組

　　2. Harbin Electric Power Group and Nanqi GE units

　　2.1哈電集團(tuán)GE公司F級機(jī)組為9F.04/9F.05/9F.06（9FB）型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，性能指標(biāo)先進(jìn)，該型機(jī)組在國內(nèi)已有較多的應(yīng)用，可用于供熱和純凝工況機(jī)組選用。

　　2.1 The F-class unit of Harbin Electric Group GE Company is a 9F.04/9F.05/9F.06 (9FB) gas unit with advanced performance indicators. This type of unit has been widely used in China and can be used for heating and pure condensing conditions.

　　2.2 哈電集團(tuán)GE公司H級機(jī)組為9HA.01、9HA.02型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，性能指標(biāo)先進(jìn)。

　　2.2 The H-class units of Harbin Electric Group GE Company are 9HA.01 and 9HA.02 gas turbines with advanced performance indicators.

　　2.3 南汽和GE公司合作生產(chǎn)9E級、6F級中小型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，在國內(nèi)有較多的應(yīng)用。

　　2.3 Nanqi and GE cooperate to produce 9E and 6F small and medium-sized gas turbines, which have been widely used in China.

　　2.3 GE燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組可適用同軸、分軸布置形式，汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)一般由哈電集團(tuán)或南汽統(tǒng)一配套。

　　2.3 GE gas turbine units can be arranged in coaxial or split axis configurations, and steam turbines and generators are generally provided by Harbin Electric Power Group or Nanjing Automobile Group.

　　2.4 GE公司燃機(jī)指標(biāo)較為先進(jìn)，哈電集團(tuán)、南汽承擔(dān)燃機(jī)部套的維修工作，在燃機(jī)技術(shù)服務(wù)方面有一定便利條件，備品備件供應(yīng)可靠。

　　2.4 GE's gas turbine indicators are relatively advanced, and Harbin Electric Power Group and Nanqi undertake the maintenance work of gas turbine components, providing certain convenient conditions in gas turbine technical services and reliable supply of spare parts.

　　2.5GE燃機(jī)設(shè)備國產(chǎn)化率較高，已逐步開展燃機(jī)核心部件的生產(chǎn)制造業(yè)務(wù)。

　　The localization rate of 2.5GE gas turbine equipment is relatively high, and the production and manufacturing of core components of gas turbines have gradually been carried out.

　　3.東方電氣三菱機(jī)組

　　3. Dongfang Electric Mitsubishi Unit

　　3.1東方電氣三菱公司F級機(jī)組為M701F3、M701F4、M701F5（采用了部分H級先進(jìn)技術(shù)）型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，性能指標(biāo)先進(jìn)，該型機(jī)組在國內(nèi)已有較多的應(yīng)用，可用于供熱和純凝工況機(jī)組選用。

　　3.1 Dongfang Electric Mitsubishi's F-class units are M701F3, M701F4, and M701F5 (using some advanced H-class technologies) gas-fired units with advanced performance indicators. This type of unit has been widely used in China and can be used for heating and pure condensing conditions.

　　3.2 東方電氣三菱公司H級機(jī)組為M701J型燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，性能指標(biāo)較為先進(jìn)。

　　3.2 The H-class unit of Dongfang Electric Mitsubishi Company is an M701J gas turbine unit with advanced performance indicators.

　　3.3 三菱公司燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組可適用同軸、分軸布置形式，汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)由東方電氣統(tǒng)一配套。

　　3.3 Mitsubishi gas turbine units can be arranged in coaxial or split shaft configurations, and the steam turbine and generator are uniformly matched by Dongfang Electric.

　　3.4 三菱公司燃機(jī)指標(biāo)較為先進(jìn)，在燃機(jī)技術(shù)服務(wù)方面有一定便利條件，備品備件供應(yīng)可靠。

　　3.4 Mitsubishi's gas turbine indicators are relatively advanced, and it has certain convenient conditions in gas turbine technology services, with reliable supply of spare parts.

　　4.4 西門子公司燃機(jī)指標(biāo)較為先進(jìn)，由于國內(nèi)無合作單位，備品備件需從國外采購。

　　4.4 Siemens' gas turbine indicators are relatively advanced, and due to the lack of cooperative units in China, spare parts need to be purchased from abroad.

　　五、燃機(jī)配套設(shè)備

　　5、 Gas turbine supporting equipment

　　1.燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)等機(jī)島設(shè)備一般隨燃機(jī)一起供貨，對系統(tǒng)完整性和投產(chǎn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)性起著重要作用，必須保證配套設(shè)備的良好性能和安全可靠。

　　1. Gas power generation projects generally supply turbine, generator and other turbine island equipment together with the gas turbine, which plays an important role in the integrity of the system and the economy after production. It is necessary to ensure the good performance, safety and reliability of the supporting equipment.

　　表7 燃機(jī)及輔機(jī)廠商配選表

　　Table 7 Selection Table of Gas Turbine and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturers

　　燃機(jī)廠商

　　Gas turbine manufacturer

　　國內(nèi)配套汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)廠商

　　Domestic manufacturers of supporting steam turbines and generators

　　GE

　　GE

　　南汽（9E，6F）、哈電集團(tuán)（9F級以上）

　　Nanqi (9E, 6F), Harbin Electric Group (9F or above)

　　西門子

　　Siemens

　　西門子中國

　　Siemens China

　　安薩爾多

　　Ansaldo

　　上電集團(tuán)

　　Shangdian Group

　　日本三菱

　　Mitsubishi, Japan

　　東方電氣

　　Dongfang Electric

　　2.汽輪機(jī)設(shè)備根據(jù)運(yùn)行實(shí)際情況合理選擇一拖一或二拖一的組合方式。一拖一組合汽輪機(jī)容量較小，效率較低，但靈活性較好；二拖一組合汽輪機(jī)容量較大，高負(fù)荷下效率較高，但靈活性較差。

　　2. The combination of one to one or two to one shall be reasonably selected for the steam turbine equipment according to the actual operating situation. The one to one combination turbine has a smaller capacity and lower efficiency, but has better flexibility; The two to one combination steam turbine has a large capacity and high efficiency under high loads, but its flexibility is poor.

　　3.余熱鍋爐設(shè)備一般為單獨(dú)供應(yīng)商供貨，與燃機(jī)、汽機(jī)設(shè)備進(jìn)行銜接，為保證余熱鍋爐的匹配性能，應(yīng)通過完善的熱平衡聯(lián)合計(jì)算保證蒸汽循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的合理性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。

　　3. Waste heat boiler equipment is generally supplied by a separate supplier and connected with gas turbine and steam turbine equipment. To ensure the matching performance of the waste heat boiler, a comprehensive heat balance joint calculation should be carried out to ensure the rationality and economy of the steam cycle system.

　　表7 常見燃機(jī)和余熱鍋爐廠商配選表

　　Table 7: Selection of Common Gas Turbine and Waste Heat Boiler Manufacturers

　　燃機(jī)廠商

　　Gas turbine manufacturer

　　國內(nèi)配套余熱鍋爐廠商

　　Domestic supporting waste heat boiler manufacturers

　　GE

　　GE

　　哈電集團(tuán)、杭鍋、無錫華光等

　　Harbin Electric Group, Hangguo, Wuxi Huaguang, etc

　　西門子

　　Siemens

　　杭鍋、無錫華光等

　　Hangguo, Wuxi Huaguang, etc

　　安薩爾多

　　Ansaldo

　　上電集團(tuán)、杭鍋、無錫華光等

　　Shangdian Group, Hangguo, Wuxi Huaguang, etc

　　日本三菱

　　Mitsubishi, Japan

　　東方電氣、杭鍋、無錫華光等

　　Dongfang Electric, Hangguo, Wuxi Huaguang, etc

　　3.配套設(shè)備應(yīng)與燃機(jī)主機(jī)設(shè)備具備相當(dāng)?shù)氖褂脡勖⒈ＷC安全經(jīng)濟(jì)性能在合理的使用壽命期內(nèi)滿足要求。

　　3. The supporting equipment should have a comparable service life to the main equipment of the gas turbine, and ensure that the safety and economic performance meet the requirements within a reasonable service life.

　　六、聯(lián)合循環(huán)設(shè)備現(xiàn)場布置

　　6、 On site layout of combined cycle equipment

　　1.根據(jù)燃?xì)獍l(fā)電項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際情況選擇燃機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)、余熱鍋爐等主機(jī)設(shè)備的布置方式，設(shè)備布置兼顧設(shè)備安裝和檢修維護(hù)需要。

　　1. Choose the layout of main equipment such as gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, and waste heat boilers based on the actual situation of the gas-fired power generation project, taking into account the needs of equipment installation and maintenance.

　　2.對于熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組，考慮機(jī)組供熱和運(yùn)行靈活性，優(yōu)先選擇燃機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)分軸布置方式，以保證在汽輪機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障時的供熱需要。

　　2. For cogeneration gas-fired units, considering the flexibility of unit heating and operation, priority should be given to the arrangement of separate shafts for gas and steam turbines to ensure the heating needs in case of turbine failure.

　　3.對于發(fā)電調(diào)峰用沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組，燃機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)可采用更為緊湊的同軸布置方式，系統(tǒng)相對簡單，占地面積較小，投資費(fèi)用較低。

　　3. For biogas generators used for peak shaving power generation, the gas turbine and steam turbine can be arranged in a more compact coaxial manner, with a relatively simple system, smaller footprint, and lower investment costs.

　　4.燃機(jī)、汽機(jī)等主設(shè)備可采用高位或低位布置方式，可根據(jù)場地和造價(jià)情況等因素進(jìn)行綜合評估后選擇。

　　4. The main equipment such as gas turbines and steam turbines can be arranged in a high or low position, and can be selected after comprehensive evaluation based on factors such as site and cost.

　　七、燃機(jī)技術(shù)路線和設(shè)備選擇步驟

　　7、 Technical roadmap and equipment selection steps for gas turbines

　　1.根據(jù)區(qū)域能源需求現(xiàn)狀和近期、遠(yuǎn)期規(guī)劃并考慮裕量。

　　1. Based on the current state of regional energy demand and short-term and long-term planning, and considering margin.

　　2.確定用能的種類和供能方式。

　　2. Determine the type of energy used and the method of energy supply.

　　3.確定采用熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)、調(diào)峰或分布式技術(shù)類型。

　　3. Determine the type of cogeneration, peak shaving, or distributed technology to be adopted.

　　4.確定燃機(jī)設(shè)備的容量及數(shù)量。

　　4. Determine the capacity and quantity of gas turbine equipment.

　　5.燃機(jī)設(shè)備選型。

　　5. Selection of gas turbine equipment.

　　6.燃機(jī)配套汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)設(shè)備選擇。

　　6. Selection of matching steam turbine and generator equipment for gas turbine.

　　7.余熱鍋爐及其輔機(jī)設(shè)備選擇。

　　7. Selection of waste heat boiler and its auxiliary equipment.

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