大多數(shù)情況下，發(fā)電機組的啟動困難故障一般為軟性故障（非機械部件損壞引發(fā)的故障，而機械部件損壞引發(fā)的故障相對容易判斷）。因此，當發(fā)電機組出現(xiàn)啟動困難故障后，首先需要判斷是油路系統(tǒng)因素還是電路系統(tǒng)因素所致。

　　In most cases, the difficulty in starting a generator set is generally due to soft faults (faults caused by non mechanical component damage, while faults caused by mechanical component damage are relatively easy to diagnose). Therefore, when the generator set experiences difficulty in starting, the first step is to determine whether it is caused by the oil system or the circuit system.

　　第一步：首先確保燃油系統(tǒng)沒有空氣和不存在漏氣點。

　　Step 1: First, ensure that the fuel system has no air and no leakage points.

　　第二步：判斷啟動機的運轉(zhuǎn)是否正常。如果啟動機運轉(zhuǎn)不正常，則說明故障可能是啟動系統(tǒng)自身因素（如電量不足或其他因素）所致；一般而言，啟動系統(tǒng)自身因素導致的發(fā)電機組啟動困難故障相對容易判斷和解決。而如果啟動機運轉(zhuǎn)正常且啟動轉(zhuǎn)速也正常，則問題一般不在啟動系統(tǒng)，可采取下列措施進一步確定故障點。

　　Step 2: Check if the starter is running normally. If the starter motor is not running properly, it indicates that the fault may be caused by internal factors of the starting system (such as insufficient battery or other factors); Generally speaking, it is relatively easy to identify and solve the difficulties and faults in starting a generator set caused by internal factors of the starting system. If the starter is running normally and the starting speed is also normal, the problem is generally not in the starting system, and the following measures can be taken to further determine the fault point.

　　①在啟動機帶動發(fā)電機組旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時，使用手油泵不停地泵油，如果此時發(fā)電機組可以啟動，說明故障原因是低壓油路系統(tǒng)供油不足。此時，可以進一步在低壓油路系統(tǒng)中查找原因（主要是觀察低壓油路系統(tǒng)是否有滲漏、堵塞或預壓不足等因素）。

　　① While the starter drives the generator set to rotate, the manual oil pump keeps pumping oil. If the generator set can start at this time, it indicates that the fault is due to insufficient oil supply in the low-pressure oil system. At this point, the cause can be further investigated in the low-pressure oil system (mainly by observing whether there are leaks, blockages, or insufficient pre pressure factors in the low-pressure oil system).

　　如果使用手油泵不斷地泵油，發(fā)電機組的啟動性能沒有任何改善，則問題一般不在低壓油路系統(tǒng)；此時應(yīng)對發(fā)電機組的高壓油路系統(tǒng)（高壓泵、噴油器、共軌及其傳感器）、發(fā)電機組的電控系統(tǒng)及氣缸等部位進行相應(yīng)的檢測。

　　If the manual oil pump continuously pumps oil and there is no improvement in the starting performance of the generator set, then the problem is generally not in the low-pressure oil system; At this time, corresponding inspections should be carried out on the high-pressure oil system of the generator set (high-pressure pump, injector, common rail and its sensors), the electronic control system and cylinders of the generator set.

　　②如果發(fā)電機組的燃油系統(tǒng)、啟動系統(tǒng)均正常，但發(fā)電機組仍然存在啟動困難現(xiàn)象，且啟動后發(fā)電機組運行過程中出現(xiàn)動力不足、燒機油、冒黑煙等異常現(xiàn)象，則故障一般在氣缸內(nèi)部或配氣機構(gòu)或進、排氣系統(tǒng)中。主要原因是氣缸磨損嚴重，氣門間隙錯誤，氣門機構(gòu)磨損，氣門機械損壞，或進、排氣系統(tǒng)堵塞。此類故障的排除需要專業(yè)處理。

　　② If the fuel system and starting system of the generator set are normal, but there are still difficulties in starting the generator set, and abnormal phenomena such as insufficient power, oil burning, and black smoke occur during the operation of the generator set after starting, the fault is generally in the cylinder, valve mechanism, or intake and exhaust systems. The main reasons are severe cylinder wear, incorrect valve clearance, worn valve mechanisms, mechanical damage to valves, or blockages in the intake and exhaust systems. The troubleshooting of such faults requires professional handling.

　　③下列現(xiàn)象也可能導致發(fā)電機組啟動困難：

　　③ The following phenomena may also cause difficulties in starting the generator set:

　　a.進氣管存在堵塞（未完全堵死）導致進氣不暢。

　　a. The intake pipe is blocked (not completely blocked), resulting in poor air intake.

　　b.排氣消聲器及排氣后處理裝置等存在堵塞（未完全堵死）導致排氣不暢。

　　b. The exhaust muffler and exhaust after treatment device are blocked (not completely blocked), resulting in poor exhaust.

　　c.電控發(fā)電機組的相位傳感器（曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器和凸輪軸位置傳感器之一）故障可能導致發(fā)電機組啟動困難（部分機型可能不能啟動）。

　　c. The malfunction of the phase sensor (one of the crankshaft speed sensor and camshaft position sensor) of the electronic control generator set may cause difficulty in starting the generator set (some models may not be able to start).

　　d.電控發(fā)電機組個別噴油器線束故障、接插件故障或其他傳感器故障都可能導致發(fā)電機組出現(xiàn)啟動困難故障。

　　d. Individual fuel injector harness faults, connector faults, or other sensor faults in the electronic control generator set may cause difficulty in starting the generator set.

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